| • Proanthocyanidine |
| - Antioxydant: C'est primordial! |
| - Aperçu historique |
| - Références |
| • Gamme ANNEDDA |
| • Extraits végétaux |
Références sélectionnées par thème
Nous citons ici les références scientifiques les plus réputées tirées de PUBMED, répertoriées selon les thèmes de santé les plus importantes et courantes (la listes n’est pas exhaustive) pour que vous constatez vous-même la large spectre de bienfait et d’efficacité de la molécule de proanthocyanidine de l'écorce de pin.
Ainsi, vous constatez que la guérison de scorbut comme par miracle de l'équipage de JACQUES CARTIER, un événement historique et véridique en hiver 1535, avec un tisane riche en proanthocyanidines, avait une base scientifique si lucide et solide à travers les connaissances de sciences de santé modernes.
INFORMATIONS GENERALES & EFFET ANTIOXYDANT
Cos P, De Bruyne T, Hermans N, Apers S, Berghe DV, Vlietinck AJ. Proanthocyanidins in health care: current and new trends. Curr Med Chem. 2004 May;11(10):1345-59.
Cui Y, Xie H, Wang J. Potential biomedical properties of Pinus Massoniana bark extract. Phytother Res. 2005 Jan;19(1):34-38
Déprez S, Brezillon C, Rabot S, Philippe C, Mila I, Lapierre C, Scalbert A. Polymeric proanthocyanidins are catabolized by human colonic microflora into low-molecular-weight phenolic acids. J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2733-8 *
Guri A, Kefalas P, Roussis V. Antioxidant potential of SIX PINE SPECIES. Phytother Res. 2006 Apr;20(4):263-6.*
Porter LJ, Hrstich LN, Chan BG. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyaniding and delphinidin, Phytochem. 1986, 25 (1): pp 223-230.*
Rasmussen SE, Frederiksen H, Krogholm KS and Poulsen L. Dietary proanthocyanidins: Occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49, 159 – 174. *
Rohdewald, P., A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002, 40, 158–168. *
Scalbert A, Deprez S, Mila I, Albrecht AM, Huneau JF, Rabot S. Proanthocyanidins and human health: systemic effects and local effects in the gut. Biofactors. 2000;13(1-4):115-20
Shand B, Strey C, Scott R, Morrison Z, Gieseg S. Pilot Study on the Clinical Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Enzogenol®, A Flavonoid Extract of Pine Bark and Vitamin C. Phytother. Res.17, 490–494 (2003)
Touriño S, Selga A, Jiménez A, Juliá L, Lozano C, Lizárraga D, Cascante M, Torres JL. Procyanidin fractions from pine (Pinus pinaster) bark: radical scavenging power in solution, antioxidant activity in emulsion, and antiproliferative effect in melanoma cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 15;53(12):4728-35.
Williamson G and Manach C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81(suppl):243S–55S.
J. E. Wood, S T. Senthilmohan, A.V. Peskin. Antioxidant activity of procyanidin-containing plant extracts at different pHs. Food Chemistry 77 (2002) 155–161
SANTÉ CARDIO-VACULARIRE
Araghi-Niknam M, Hosseini S, Larson D, Rohdewald P, Watson RR. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr. Med.. 2000 Mar 21;2(2):73-77.*
Blazso G, Gaspar R, Gabor M, Ruve HJ and Rohdevald P. ACE inhibition and hypotensive effect of procyanidins containing extract from the bark of Pinus Pinaster. Sol. Pharma Pharmacol Lett 1996, 6 (1): 8-11 *
da Silva Porto PA, Laranjinha JA, de Freitas VA. Antioxidant protection of low density lipoprotein by procyanidins: structure/activity relationships. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 15;66(6):947-54.
Devaraj S, Vega-López S, Kaul N, Schönlau F, Rohdewald P and Jialal I. Supplementation with a Pine Bark Extract Rich in Polyphenols Increases Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and Alters the Plasma Lipoprotein Profile. Lipids 2002, 37 (10): 931-4. *
Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Rohdewald P. Endothelium-dependent vascular effect of Pycnogenol. J Cardio Pharmaco 1998, 32: 509-15 *
Hosseini, S., Lee, J., Sepulveda, R. T., Rohdewald, P., Watson, R. R., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutr. Res. 2001, 21, 1251 –1260.*
Liu, F., Lau, B. H., Peng, Q., Shah, V. Pycnogenol protects vascular endothelial cells from beta-amyloid-induced injury. Biol. Pharmaceut. Bull. 2000, 23, 735–737.
Liu, X., Wei, J., Tan, F., Zhou, S. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract,
improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci. 2004, 74, 855–862.*
Peng, Q., Wei, Z., Lau, B. H. Pycnogenol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Cellular And Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS 2000, 57, 834 –841.
Putter M, Grotemeyer KH, Wurthwein G, Araghi-Niknam M, Watson RR, Hosseini S, Rohdewald P. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res. 1999 Aug 15;95(4):155-61
Virgili1 F, Kim D, Packer L. Procyanidins extracted from pine bark protect K-tocopherol in ECV 304 endothelial cells challenged by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. FEBS Letters, 431 (1998) 315-318 *
Wang S, Tan D, Zhao Y, Gao G,Gao X, Hu L. The effect of Pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bul Drug Res. 1999. 7 (2) : 19-25. *
Sous catégorie: Insuffisance veineuse, varice et hemorragie
Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Fitoterapia. 2000 Jun;71(3):236-44. (Clinical Trial & Randomized Controlled Trial )*
Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. PYCNOGENOL in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):383-8. (Clinical Trial & Randomized Controlled Trial )*
Koch R. Comparative Study of Venostasin_ and Pycnogenol_ in Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Phytother. Res. 16, S1–S5 (2002)*
C. Riccioni, R. Sarcinella, A. Izzo, G. Palermo, L. Liguori. EFFICACY OF TROXERUTINE IN ASSOCIATION WITH PYCNOGENOL® IN THE TREATMENT OF VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY. Eu Bull Drug Res 2004 (12) 1: 7-13.*
Daroczy J, Pal A, Blasko G. Microcirculatory changes in patients with chronic venous and lymphatic insufficiency and heavy leg symptoms before and after therapy with procyanidol oligomers (laser-Doppler study. Orv Hetil. 2004 May 30;145(22):1177-81.
Ibrahim S, Macpherson DR, Goldhaber SG.Chronic venous insuffiency : mechanisms and menagement. Am Heart J. 132 :856-860, 1996.*
Gulati OP.Pycnogenol® in chronic venous insufficiency and related venous disorders. Phytother Res. 2014 Mar;28(3):348-62.
Belcaro G1, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Bottari A, Errichi BM.Pycnogenol® in postpartum symptomatic hemorrhoids. Minerva Ginecol. 2014 Feb;66(1):77-84
ANTI-INFLAMMATION ET ARTHRITE (Arthrose, polyarthrite rhumatoïde
Bayeta, E., Lau, B. H. S., Pycnogenol inhibits generation of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Nutr. Res. 2000, 2: 249–259.*
Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P. Variations in C-reactive protein, plasma free radicals and fibrinogen values in patients with osteoarthritis treated with Pycnogenol.Redox Rep. 2008;13(6):271-6.
Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Errichi S, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P. Treatment of osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol. The SVOS (San Valentino Osteo-arthrosis Study). Evaluation of signs, symptoms, physical performance and vascular aspects.Phytother Res. 2008 Apr;22(4):518-23.*
Bito, T., Roy, S., Sen, C. K., Packer, L., Pine bark extract pycnogenol downregulates IFN-gamma-induced adhesion of T cells to human keratinocytes by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2000, 28, 219 – 227.*
Blazso G, Gabor M, Rohdewald P. Antiinflammatory activities of procyanidin-containing extracts from Pinus pinaster Ait. After oral and cutaneous application. Pharmazie, 52 (5): 380-2.*
Canali R, Comitato R, Schonlau F, Virgili F. The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol in humans involves COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Sep;9(10):1145-9.
Cisár P, Jány R, Waczulíková I, Sumegová K, Muchová J, Vojtassák J, Duraćková Z, Lisý M, Rohdewald, P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.Phytother Res. 2008 Aug;22(8):1087-92.*
Cho, K. J., Yun, C. H., Yoon, D. Y., Cho, Y. S., et al., Effect of Bioflavonoids Extracted from the Bark of Pinus maritime on Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1 Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000, 168, 64–71.*
KARONEN M,. HAMALAINEN M,. NIEMINEN R, . KLIKA K. D, LOPONEN J., OVCHARENKO V. V., MOILANEN E., AND PIHLAJA K. Phenolic Extractives from the Bark of Pinus sylvestris L. and Their Effects on Inflammatory Mediators Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2.J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 7532-7540 *
Liu, F. J., Zhang, Y. X., Lau, B. H., Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cellular And Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS 1998, 54, 1168 –1172
Schäfer A, Chovanová Z, Muchová J, Sumegová K, Liptáková A, Duracková Z, Högger P. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol). Biomed Pharmacother. 2006 Jan;60(1):5-9.*
Wu C, Feng D, Ma H, Xie H, Wang H, Wang J. Effect of Pinus massoniana bark extract on IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Feb 25;122(1):48-53
Yen GC, Duh PD, Huang DW, Hsu CL, Fu TY. Protective effect of pine (Pinus morrisonicola Hay.) needle on LDL oxidation and its anti-inflammatory action by modulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jan;46(1):175-85.
Hochberg M C. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis With COX-2–Selective Inhibitors: A Managed Care Perspective. Am J Manag Care. 2002;8:S502-S517 *
Cancer
Ariga T. The antioxidative function, preventive action on disease and utilization of proanthocyanidins. Biofactors. 2004;21(1-4):197-201.
Chen G, Perchellet EM, Gao XM, Newell SW, Hemingway RW, Bottari V, Perchellet JP. Ability of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to induce the ornithine decarboxylase marker of skin tumor promotion and inhibition of this response by gallotannins, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, and their monomeric units in mouse epidermis in vivo. Anticancer Res. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):1183-9.
Cui YY, Xie H, Qi KB, He YM, Wang JF. Effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep 14;11(34):5277-82.*
Devaraj, S., Vega-Lopez, S., Kaul, N., Schonlau, F., et al., Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile. Lipids 2002, 37, 931–934.
Kashiwada Y, Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Chang JJ, Lee KH. Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. J Nat Prod. 1992 Aug;55(8):1033-43.
Kozikowski AP, Tuckmantel W, Bottcher G, Romanczyk LJ Jr. Studies in polyphenol chemistry and bioactivity. 4.(1) Synthesis of trimeric, tetrameric, pentameric, and higher oligomeric epicatechin-derived procyanidins having all-4beta,8-interflavan connectivity and their inhibition of cancer cell growth through cell cycle arrest. J Org Chem. 2003 Mar 7;68(5):1641-58.
Lee SJ, Lee KW, Hur HJ, Chun JY, Kim SY, Lee HJ. Phenolic phytochemicals derived from red pine (Pinus densiflora) inhibit the invasion and migration of SK-Hep-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jan;1095:536-44.
Li K, Li Q, Li J, Zhang T, Han Z, Gao D, Zheng F. Antitumor activity of the procyanidins from Pinus koraiensis bark on mice bearing U14 cervical cancer. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2007 Jul;127(7):1145-51.
Hsu TY, Sheu SC, Liaw ET, Wang TC, Lin CC. Anti-oxidant activity and effect of Pinus morrisonicola Hay. on the survival of leukemia cell line U937. Phytomedicine. 2005 Sep;12(9):663-9.
Huang WW, Yang JS, Lin CF, Ho WJ, Lee MR. Pycnogenol induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.Leuk Res. 2005 Jun;29(6):685-92.
Ma H, Lai F, Xie H, Wang J, Wang H. Involvement of the Bcl-2 family members in Pinus massoniana bark extract induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Phytother Res. 2008 Nov;22(11):1472-6.
Senthilmohan, S. T.;Zhang, J.;Stanley, R. A. Effects of flavonoid extract Enzogenol® with vitamin C on protein oxidation and DNA damage in older human subjects. Nutrition Research 23: 1199-1210; 2003
DIABETES
Belcaro G., M. R. Cesarone, B. M. Errichi, A. Ledda, A. Di Renzo, S. Stuard, M. Dugall, L. Pellegrini, G. Gizzi, P. Rohdewald, E. Ippolito, A. Ricci, M. Cacchio, G. Cipollone, I. Ruffini, F. Fano and M. Hosoi. Diabetic Ulcers: Microcirculatory Improvement and Faster Healing With Pycnogenol. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis Vol. 12, No. 3, July 2006 : 318-323
Kim YM, Jeong YK, Wang MH, Lee WY, Rhee HI. Inhibitory effect of pine extract on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia.Nutrition. 2005 Jun;21(6):756-61.
Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Wurthwein G, Rohdewald P. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci. 2004 Oct 8;75(21):2505-13.*
Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):839 (clinical trial & controlled) *
M. R. Cesarone, G. Belcaro, P. Rohdewald, L. Pellegrini, A. Ledda, G. Vinciguerra, A. Ricci, G. Gizzi, E. Ippolito, F. Fano, M. Dugall, G. Cipollone, G. Acerbi, M. Cacchio, G. Del Boccio, A. Di Renzo, S. Stuard and M. Corsi. Improvement of Diabetic Microangiopathy With Pycnogenol®: A Prospective, Controlled Study. Angiology Volume 57, Number 4, 2006: 431-437.
Schafer A, Hogger P. Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Nov 10;
Schonlau F, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol for diabetic retinopathy. A review. Int Ophthalmol. :001;24(3):161-71
Spadea, L., Balestrazzi, E., Treatment of vascular retinopathies with Pycnogenol. Phytother. Res. 2001, 15 (3): 219–223
Zibadi S, Rohdewald PJ, Park D, Watson RR.. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutr Res. 2008 May;28(5):315-20.
EMBONPOINT ET OBÉSITÉ
Hasegawa N. Inhibition of lipogenesis by pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2000 Sep;14(6):472-3.
Hasegawa N. Stimulation of lipolysis by pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 1999 Nov;13(7):619-20.
Mochizuki M, Hasegawa N. Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3t3-L1 cells via stimulation of beta-receptor mediated activity. Phytother Res. 2004 Dec;18(12):1029-30.
ALZHEIMER
Kobayashi MS, Han D, Packer L. Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Free Radic Res. 2000 Feb;32(2):115-24.
Liu F, Lau BH, Peng Q, Shah V. Pycnogenol protects vascular endothelial cells from beta-amyloid-induced injury. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000 Jun;23(6):735-7.
Pipingas A, Silberstein RB, Vitetta L, Rooy CV, Harris EV, Young JM, Frampton CM, Sali A, Nastasi J. Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus Radiata bark extract formulation. Phytother Res. 2008 Sep;22(9):1168-74.
Peng QL, Buz'Zard AR, Lau BH. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002 Jul 15;104(1):55-65.
ASTHME - ALLERGIE
Lau BH, Riesen SK, Truong KP, Lau EW, Rohdewald P, Barreta RA. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma. 2004;41(8):825-32.
Hosseini S, Pishnamazi S, Sadrzadeh SM, Farid F, Farid R, Watson RR. Pycnogenol in the Management of Asthma. J Med Food. 2001 Winter;4(4):201-209 *.
Sharma SC, Sharma S, Gulati OP. Pycnogenol inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. Phytother Res. 2003 Jan;17(1):66-9. *
SANTÉ de la PEAU
Bito T, Roy S, Sen CK, Packer L. Pine bark extract pycnogenol downregulates IFN-gamma-induced adhesion of T cells to human keratinocytes by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jan 15;28(2):219-27
Saliou C, Rimbach G, Moini H, McLaughlin L, Hosseini S, Lee J, Watson RR, Packer L.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jan 15;30(2):154-60.
Wu C, Feng D, Ma H, Xie H, Wang H, Wang J. Effect of Pinus massoniana bark extract on IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Feb 25;122(1):48-53.
Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, Brenden H, Schönlau F. Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Krutmann JSkin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(2):86-92. doi: 10.1159/000335261. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
.
Thom E. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the clinical efficacy of oral treatment with DermaVite on ageing symptoms of the skin. J Int Med Res. 2005 May-Jun;33(3):267-72.
Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, Brenden H, Schönlau F, Krutmann J.Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(2):86-92. doi: 10.1159/000335261. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
ADHD
Chovanová Z; Jana Muchová J; Sivoová M; Dvoáková M; Žitanová I;Waczulíková I; Trebatická J; Škodáek I ; Duraková Z. Effect of polyphenolic extract, Pycnogenol®, on the level of 8-oxoguanine in children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Free Radical Research, September 2006; 40(9): 1003–1010
Dvorakova M, Sivonova M, Trebaticka J, Skodacek I, Waczulikova I, Muchova J, Durackova Z. The effect of polyphenolic extract from pine bark, Pycnogenol on the level of glutathione in children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Redox Rep. 2006;11(4):163-72
Dvorakova M, Jezova D, Blazícek P, et al. Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (Pycnogenol). Nutr Neurosci 2007 Jun-Aug;10(3-4):151-7.
Heiman, S.T. Pycnogenol for ADHD. J. Am. Academy Child & Adol. Psychi. , 1999, 38 (4): 357-358.
Tenenbaum S, Paull JC, Sparrow EP, Dodd DK, Green L. An experimental comparison of Pycnogenol and methylphenidate in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).J Atten Disord. 2002 Sep;6(2):49-60
Trebaticka J, Kopasova S, Hradecna Z, Cinovsky K, Skodacek I, Suba J, Muchova J, Zitnanova I, Waczulikova I, Rohdewald P, Durackova Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;15(6):329-35.
Il y a encore beaucoup plus de recherches cliniques sur divers sujets de santé avec proanthocyanidines.